Understanding Modern Automotive Paint and Clearcoat Systems: The Shift from Solvent-Based to Waterborne Technologies

Over the past decade, the automotive industry has shifted from traditional solvent-based paint and clearcoat systems to more environmentally friendly waterborne alternatives. This transition, largely influenced by stricter environmental regulations and sustainability efforts, has significant implications for vehicle owners—particularly when it comes to paint correction and long-term protection.

Solvent-Based vs. Waterborne Paint and Clearcoats

For many years, solvent-based automotive paints were the industry standard. These systems used volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to carry pigments and resins, which would evaporate as the paint dried. While solvent-based paints provided excellent durability and a thicker clearcoat layer that allowed for more aggressive polishing and correction, they also released high levels of harmful emissions into the air.

In contrast, waterborne paints use water as the primary carrier, significantly reducing VOC emissions and improving workplace safety. These coatings typically contain about 70% water and 20% solids, making them more eco-friendly while still providing vibrant colors and smooth finishes. Many collision repair shops and manufacturers have adopted waterborne systems due to their color-matching accuracy, faster drying times, and reduced environmental impact.

The Industry Shift: 2018 and Beyond

Around 2018, a major shift took place in automotive manufacturing, with many carmakers switching from solvent-based to waterborne paint and clearcoat systems. This transition was largely driven by government regulations aiming to reduce VOC emissions, as well as advancements in waterborne technology that improved application and durability. By this time, over 60% of body shops and manufacturers had already implemented waterborne coatings, and the trend has continued to grow.

The Challenge: Thinner Clearcoats and Limited Paint Correction

One of the biggest differences between solvent-based and waterborne systems is the thickness of the clearcoat. Traditional solvent-based clearcoats were applied in thicker layers, allowing for multiple rounds of paint correction over the years. However, waterborne clearcoats are significantly thinner, meaning there is less material available for corrective polishing before the protective layer is compromised.

Paint correction involves removing a microscopic layer of clearcoat to eliminate swirl marks, scratches, and oxidation. With a thinner clearcoat, there is a much smaller margin for correction before the basecoat (the actual color layer) becomes exposed. This makes modern vehicles more susceptible to long-term paint damage if not properly maintained.

How Vehicle Owners Can Protect Modern Paint Systems

With thinner clearcoats becoming the industry norm, vehicle owners should consider alternative approaches to paint maintenance. Rather than relying on frequent paint correction, which removes clearcoat material, a preventative approach can help preserve the finish for years to come.

Some effective methods for maintaining modern clearcoats include:

✔️ Using proper washing techniques – Reducing swirl marks by avoiding automated car washes and using microfiber wash mitts.

✔️ Applying a sacrificial protective layer – Whether through wax, sealants, or ceramic coatings, adding an extra layer of protection can reduce wear on the clearcoat.

✔️ Minimizing unnecessary polishing – While paint correction is effective, overdoing it on thinner clearcoats can lead to premature failure.

Final Thoughts

As the automotive industry continues to move toward waterborne paint and clearcoat systems, understanding their characteristics is crucial for vehicle owners, detailers, and body shops alike. While these coatings offer environmental benefits and improved color accuracy, they also introduce new considerations—particularly when it comes to paint thickness and long-term durability.

With thinner clearcoats now the industry norm, the approach to paint maintenance has changed. Traditional aggressive correction techniques may not be suitable for modern vehicles, and preventative protection methods are becoming more important. Whether through careful washing techniques, regular maintenance, or additional protective layers, taking steps to preserve the clearcoat will help ensure a vehicle’s finish remains in top condition for years to come.